• Introduction Soluble guanylyl cyclase sGC is a key protein

  2022-06-07

  

  Introduction Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a key protein in the regulation of multiple physiological functions in mammalian physiology [1,2]. Upon stimulation by nitric oxide (NO) [3], sGC generates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine-5′ triphosphate and activates protein kinas

• In mice iNKT cells are most frequent among liver T

  2022-06-07

  

  In mice, iNKT cells are most frequent (20–30%) among liver T lymphocytes, while they only constitute 0.4–1% of the total T cells in thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, and intraepithelial lymphocytes. In humans, iNKT cells constitute approximately only a 0.1–0.2% of the peripheral blood T lymph

• In conclusion enhanced glucagon action of the

  2022-06-06

  

  In conclusion, enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell results in improved beta cell function after glucose stimulation, but simultaneously dissociated responses to both glucose-dependent and non-glucose secretagogues evolve. This shows that the glucagon receptor is complexly involved in beta cell

• Contradictory results have been described regarding the role

  2022-06-06

  

  Contradictory results have been described regarding the role of the Shh pathway during vertebrate skeletal myogenesis. Different studies have shown that Shh can increase or inhibit myoblasts proliferation and terminal muscle differentiation, depending on the experimental model [[1], [2], [3], [4], [

• One way to approach this unifying hypothesis will

  2022-06-06

  

  One way to approach this unifying hypothesis will be to compare the effects of the PBR/VDAC ligands on these processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the three ligands of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor, i.e. PK 11195, Ro5-4864 and diazepam reduce membrane transport and conductance i

• Inhibitors of the G rdos effect

  2022-06-06

  

  Inhibitors of the Gárdos effect include the Ca2+-channel blocker nitrendipine with an IC50 of ∼103nM (Ellory et al., 1992, Ellory et al., 1992); its mode of action is likely to be from direct blockage of K+ flux through the Gárdos channel (Ellory et al., 1992, Ellory et al., 1992), and the peptidic

• br Introduction Hepatocyte injury initiates and facilitates

  2022-06-06

  

  Introduction Hepatocyte injury initiates and facilitates inflammation in the course of liver disease progression. Thus, understanding the regulatory basis for sensing and responding to damage-associated inflammatory processes in the liver’s parenchymal cells is a primary issue in liver pathophysi

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Prenyltransferase catalyz

  2022-06-06

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Prenyltransferase catalyzes the head-to-tail condensation between isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP, 1) and an allylic prenyl diphosphate to produce several prenyl diphosphates, which are then converted into steroids, carotenoids, prenyl side-chains of quinones, and pre

• Focal adhesion kinase FAK also known as protein

  2022-06-06

  

  Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), also known as protein tyrosine kinase2 (PTK2), is a tyrosine kinase and vital member in integrin-mediated signaling pathways [3]. In response to integrin involvement, FAK would be phosphorylated. It was reported that FAK is involved in cellular adhesion and spreading [4]

• The site of paracetamol action remains

  2022-06-06

  

  The site of paracetamol action remains controversial. Some publications are in favor of a central action (Barrière et al., 2013, Dogrul et al., 2012, Mallet et al., 2010, Pickering et al., 2006), while others report a peripheral action (Dani et al., 2007, Ferreira et al., 1978). FAAH is a ubiquitous

• Cyclopiazonic acid In this study we also investigated the ro

  2022-06-05

  

  In this study, we also investigated the role of GST Cyclopiazonic acid in relation to ASD. In univariable analyses, where the role of each GST gene (i.e., GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) was individually assessed, we did not observe any significant associations between the GST genotypes and ASD. In contrast,

• br Discussion In the present paper

  2022-06-05

  

  Discussion In the present paper it was shown for the first time that the conjugation of ethacrynic Solasodine and glutathione catalyzed by GSTP1-1 stereospecifically forms one of the diastereoisomers of the glutathione conjugate (EASG). Chemical conjugation results in formation of a mixture of b

• Importantly lactate and H exert some of their biological

  2022-06-05

  

  Importantly, lactate and H+ exert some of their biological effects independently of each other, though sometimes through redundant pathways leading to a same biological effect, as for angiogenesis. In other cases, they can have antagonist effects: lactate was shown to stimulate extracellular matrix

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgements The authors

  2022-06-05

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgements The authors thank Matt JM Wood and colleagues (AstraZeneca, UK) for permission to use logD and protein binding data presented in Sup. Table S2. Introduction The number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has escalated worldwide as a consequ

• br Discovery of GPR A The murine

  2022-06-05

  

  Discovery of GPR109A The murine niacin receptor, protein upregulated in macrophages by interferon-γ (PUMA-G), was identified as a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in adipocytes and spleen [22], [23]. This finding suggested a role of this receptor in macrophage function [24]. In 2003, t

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